Mahrams For A Girl
Anyone who a Muslim is not allowed to marry is mahram, if they are of the opposite sex and have reached puberty. A partial list of what is considered a mahram can be found in Surah 24, Ayah 31, of the Quran.
A woman's male mahrams fall into four categories (three categories in the strict-sense definition that does not count one's spouse). Note that mahrams for a man can be derived in a similar manner.
Permanent or blood mahrams with whom one is mahram by a blood relationship:
father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, great-grandfather, great-grandmother and so on;
brother, sister;
son, grandson, great-grandson, daughter, grand-daughter, great-grand-daughter;
uncle, aunt, great-uncle, great-aunt, and so on;
nephew, niece, grandnephew, grandniece, great-grandnephew, great-grandniece and so on;
In-law mahrams with whom one becomes mahram by marrying someone:
father-in-law, mother-in-law;
son-in-law, daughter-in-law,
stepfather (mother's husband) if their marriage is consummated, stepmother (father's wife) if their marriage is consummated;
stepson (husband's son) if their marriage is consummated, stepdaughter (wife's daughter) if their marriage is consummated;
Rada or "milk-suckling mahrams" with whom one becomes mahram because of being nursed by the same woman. When a woman acts as a wetnurse, that is she breast feeds an infant that is not her own child for a certain amount of time under certain conditions, she becomes the child's rada mother and everything concerning blood mahrams applies here, like rada father/mother, rada sister/brother, rada aunt/uncle and so on. In English these can be referred to as milk brother, milk-mother, and so on.
For a man, mahram women include his mother, grandmother, daughter, granddaughter, sister, aunt, grandaunt, niece, grandniece, his father's wife, his wife's daughter (step-daughter), his mother-in-law, his rada mother and any other rada relatives that correpsond to the above mentioned blood relatives. As the Prophet said, "What is forbidden by reason of kinship is forbidden by reason of suckling." (Al-Bukhari)
These are considered maharim because Allah mentioned them in the Qur'an:
"And marry not women whom your fathers married, except what has already passed; indeed it was shameful and most hateful, and an evil way. Forbidden to you (for marriage) are: your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your father's sisters, your mother's sisters, your brother's daughters, your sister's daughters, your foster mother who gave you suck, your foster milk suckling sisters, your wives' mothers, your step-daughters under your guardianship, born of your wives to whom you have go in - but there is no sin on you if you have not gone in them (to marry their daughters), the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins, and two sisters in wedlock at the same time, except for what has already passed; verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful." (An-Nisa 4:22-23)
All of the man's female relatives mentioned in these two verses are considered his maharim, because it is unlawful (haram) for him to marry them, except the wife's sister mentioned last, who is not a mahram because he can marry her if he divorces her sister, or if his wife dies. As noted in the introduction, the notion of mahram is reciprocal. All other relatives are considered non-maharim and they fall under the category of strangers
References
The Quran, al-Baqara, 2:221
Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad Saed, Islam: Questions and Answers - Jurisprudence and Islamic Rulings, London: MSA Publication Limited, 2007, pp. 22–23.
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